| Year | Event |
|---|
Invention and Industry |
|---|
| 1764 |
James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny, allowing multiple threads of yarn. |
| 1769 |
Richard Arkwright designs a water frame that made it possible to spin strong threads. |
| 1781 |
James Watt invents the Steam Engine—ushers in the industrial revolution. |
| 1793 |
Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, greatly lowering the price of cotton. |
| 1807 |
Robert Fulton runs the first steam propelled boat on the Hudson river. |
| 1821 |
George Stephenson creates the first practical railroad locomotive; ushers in age of railways. |
| 1844 |
Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanized rubber. |
| 1847 |
Cyrus McCormick establishes a mechanical reaper business in Chicago, revolutionizes agriculture. |
| 1851 |
Elias Howe invents sewing machine, but Isaac Singer succeeds in selling his version. |
| 1858 |
Cyrus Field lays the first trans-Atlantic cable from Ireland to Newfoundland. |
| 1865 |
Henry Bessemer invents a process that greatly improves production of steel. |
| 1893 |
Rudolf Diesel invents an internal combustion engine. |
Electromagnetism and Communication |
|---|
| 1800 |
Alexander Volta invents the first electric battery. |
| 1831 |
Michael Faraday invents a dynamo which uses electromagnetic induction to create a current. |
| 1836 |
Samuel Morse invents the telegraph. First Washington to Baltimore telegraph in 1844. |
| 1873 |
James Clerk Maxwell proposes a theory of electromagnetism. |
| 1876 |
Alexander Graham Bell receives a patent for the telephone. |
| 1879 |
Thomas Edison produces the first practical light bulb. |
| 1897 |
Guglielmo Marconi perfects wireless telegraphy. |
Advances in Medicine |
|---|
| 1628 |
William Harvey publishes 'De Motu Cordis" detailing operation of heart and circulatory system.
|
| 1796 |
Edward Jenner develops the first small pox vaccine. |
| 1861 |
Louis Pasteur establishes Germ theory, and develops methods for sterilization. |
| 1928 |
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin, an antibiotic substances that kills bacteria. |
Astronomy and Heliocentric Theory |
|---|
| 1543 |
Nicholas Copernicus publishes his theory of a heliocentric universe.
|
| 1609 |
Johannes Kepler publishes 'Astronomia Nova, a book detailing his theory of eliptical planetary orbits.
|
| 1633 |
Galileo Galilei is subjected to the Inquisition for promoting heliocentric theory.
|
| 1687 |
Isaac Newton publishes Principia his universal laws of motion. |
| 1781 |
William Herschel discovers of Uranus, improves telescope. |
Science and Discovery |
|---|
| 1789 |
Antoine Lavoisier discovers the element oxygen and law of conservation of mass. |
| 1805 |
John Dalton develops the Atomic Theory of chemistry. |
| 1827 |
Amedeo Avogadro defines the Gas Law relating volume to number of gas molecules. |
| 1848 |
Lord Kelvin establishes the value of absolute zero. |
| 1859 |
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species. |
| 1865 |
Gregor Mendel develops laws of inheritance, establishes basis for genetics. |
| 1898 |
J. J. Thomson discovers electrons, proposes the Plum pudding model of an atom. |
| 1898 |
Madame Curie discovers polonium, radium, and coins the term "radioactivity". |
| 1900 |
Max Planck develops law of black body radiation, basis for quantum theory. |
| 1909 |
Robert Millikan conducts an oil drop experiment, determines charge of electrons. |
| 1913 |
Niels Bohr establishes the Bohr Model of the atom, proposing electronic orbitals. |
| 1915 |
Albert Einstein proposes a general theory of relativity. |