| Year | Event |
|---|---|
Christian Conversion | |
| 500 | Conversion of Clovis to Catholic Christianity. |
| 520 | Saint Benedict founds Western Monasticism. |
| 785 | Baptism of Wittekind the Saxon, chief of the Saxons. |
| 865 | Cyril and Methodius convert Slavs to Christianity. |
| 1000 | Olaf I converts Vikings to Christianity. |
| 1000 | Steven of Hungary converts Hungarians to Christianity. |
The Viking Menace | |
| 885 | Vikings Besiege Paris. |
| 911 | Rollo the Viking becomes the first Duke of Normandy. |
The Moslem Threat and the Crusades | |
| 732 | Charles Martel stops the Mohammedan invasion at the Battle of Tours. |
| 1096 | Peter the Hermit organizes the First Crusade. |
| 1270 | Saint Louis IX dies on his final Crusade in Tunis. |
| 1453 | Mohammed II Conquers Constantinople, expands Turkish empire in Balkans. |
| 1492 | Ferdinand the Catholic Conquers Granada, last of the Moors are driven from Spain. |
| 1517 | Don John of Austria defeats Turkish Army at the Battle of Lepanto. |
| 1683 | Second Siege of Vienna relieved by Polish king John III Sobieski . |
Church-State Conflicts | |
| 800 | Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. |
| 1076 | Pope Gregory VII seeks to reform lay bishoprics; excommunicates Henry IV. |
| 1303-1378 | "Avignon Papacy" is captive of the French Crown. |
| 1378-1417 | Western Schism. Multiple claimants for the office of pope. |
New World Exploration | |
| 1492 | Christopher Columbus discovers America. |
| 1498 | Vasco da Gama opens up a trade route to Asia. |
| 1521 | Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigating the globe. |
The Reformation | |
| 1450 | John Gutenberg publishes the first Bible. |
| 1517 | Martin Luther initiates Protestant Reformation in Germany. |
| 1572 | St. Bartholomew Day's Massacre of Huguenots in France. |
| 1568 | Revolt of the Netherlands led by William the Silent |
| 1598 | Henry IV issues edict of Nantes, granting rights to Protestants. |
| 1620-1650 | The Thirty Years War devastates Germany, and reduces power of the Catholic Hapsburgs. |